Set of 9 Basic Crystal Lattice Structures

The Klinger set of nine basic crystal structures is a valuable teaching aid for physics and chemistry. Similar patterns of atomic arrangement reappear in large numbers of different substances. Three of the six symmetry systems are represented in the set.

This structure is derived from the NaCl structure by replacing Na with Ca and Cl with CO3 radical so that the plane of the O3 is at right angles to the cube diagonal. As a result, more space is taken up in directions at right angles to the diagonal, this causing a dilation, and the cube is...

This structure occurs in most metals. The unit cell is a cube having 4 CO2 molecules. This lattice is a face-centered structure with each Co2 molecule surrounded by 12 equidistant neighbors. If the atomic radii are considered to extend until the atoms are in contact with one another, it then...

This structure occurs in most metals. The unit cell is a cube having 4 CO2 molecules. This lattice is a face-centered structure with each Co2 molecule surrounded by 12 equidistant neighbors. If the atomic radii are considered to extend until the atoms are in contact with one another, it then...

The unit cell is a cube having atoms in the 8 corners and in the centers of the 6 cube faces, hence the name “face-centered.” Each atom in the corners is shared by the 8 unit cells meeting in that corner, and each atom on a cube face is shared by the two unit cells having that face in common. ...

Graphite, a low temperature dimorphic form of carbon, belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. Various physical properties may readily be explained from its structure. Carbon atoms are tightly arranged in hexagonal layers with distances between adjacent atoms in one layer considerably less than...

This structure is a typical example of hexagonal close-packing. The unit cell is a parallelepiped with two axes which enclose an angle of 120°. The structure has one atom in each corner of the unit cell and one atom inside it. The atom inside the cell is in the center of one of the two...

Considered independently of one another, the sodium atoms (grey) form a cubic face-centered lattice as do the chlorine atoms (green). They are displaced from one another by ½ the diagonal of the cube. A unit cell of sodium chloride thus has sodium atoms in the corners and face-centered and...

The zinc atoms as well as the sulfur atoms are hexagonally close-packed by themselves. These two lattices are displaced from one another by 3/8 of the length of the unit cell. This leads to a tetrahedral arrangement, with each kind of atom having four equidistant neighbors of the opposite kind...

Each atom of the diamond is surrounded by four atoms directed in space toward the vertices of a tetrahedron. The hardness and large density of the diamond can be explained from the compactness and rigidity of its structure. Because the diamond is a macromolecule, it has an extremely high...